CWAP-403 Sample Questions & Answers

Open System authentication is the default 802.11 authentication method when using Pre-RSNA (pre-Robust Security Network Architecture). This method provides no actual security verification and simply involves a two-frame exchange where the AP accepts any authentication request. Shared Key authentication requires WEP, while 4-Way Handshake and PSK are part of RSNA, not Pre-RSNA. Reference: https://www.eefocus.com/book/08-06/435201276057579.htmI

The GTK (Group Temporal Key) is encrypted within the fourth frame of the 4-Way Handshake. This frame is sent from the authenticator to the supplicant and contains the group key encrypted with the PTK. The PMK and PTK are not transmitted in frames but derived through the handshake process, and the GMK (Group Master Key) is used to derive the GTK but is not transmitted directly.

A Swept Spectrogram plot in a spectrum analyzer displays the duty cycle in the frequency domain. This visualization shows how much time each frequency is active over a given period, representing the percentage of time that energy is present at specific frequencies. RF time domain and frequency over time are different types of plots, and Wi-Fi device information is not displayed in spectrograms.

The Frame Control field contains the Protocol Version sub-field which is always set to 0 in current 802.11 implementations. This field indicates which version of the 802.11 protocol is being used by the frame, and since all current implementations use version 0, this value remains constant. All frame types (management, control, and data) contain a Frame Control field, and it contains multiple sub-fields beyond just indicating duration. Reference: https://mrncciew.com/2014/09/27/cwap-mac-header-frame-control/

A Reassociation Request frame is expected every time a STA roams from one AP to another within the same ESS (Extended Service Set). This frame is used instead of an Association Request when the STA is already associated to the network and is moving between APs. It is not limited to FT roaming or returning to previous APs, but occurs with any roaming event regardless of the roaming mechanism used.

Accessing the microwave remotely and running a diagnostic check is not a practical solution for diagnosing WLAN interference. The most effective approach would be to place one of the London APs into spectrum analyzer mode and monitor the RF environment during lunch time to detect microwave interference. Microwaves typically operate at 2.4 GHz and can cause significant interference with 802.11b/g/n networks, and spectrum analysis would show the characteristic signature of microwave leakage.